This deliverable presents the implementation progress and results of the innovative technologies
demonstrated across the IMPETUS demo sites during the period M1-M49 of the project (01/10/2021–
30/09/2025). It covers the full set of activities carried out under WP4 Tasks 4.5.1 to 4.12, which together
form Bundle 2: Innovative Technologies Implementation.
Bundle 2 aims to demonstrate a suite of advanced technical solutions that increase climate resilience
across diverse geographic, hydrological, and socio-economic contexts. The bundle includes
decentralised water reuse systems, digital modelling tools, pathogen monitoring technologies, sediment
transport modelling, multi-agent water balance models, decision-support systems for heat and flood risk,
and early-warning technologies for geological hazards. These solutions collectively reinforce the
broader WP4 objective of testing and validating multi-benefit adaptation innovations that can be scaled
across Europe.
The 15 tasks reported in this deliverable demonstrate substantial progress toward climate-resilient water
management, environmental protection, and risk reduction. Task 4.5.1 deployed a hybrid decentralised
fit-for-use water reclamation system in the Coastal demo site (Catalonia), producing high-quality
reclaimed water for irrigation and cleaning within a touristic complex and validating decentralised reuse
under highly variable seasonal demand. Task 4.5.2 implemented a Sewer Mining unit in East Attica
(Mediterranean demo site), integrating real-time data, energy-autonomous operation, and co-created
adaptation services. Task 4.5.3 developed a water-energy simulation and optimisation model, enabling
the operator of the East Attica system to explore climate-proof operation strategies and circulareconomy pathways.
Across several additional tasks, advanced modelling and monitoring capabilities were demonstrated.
Tasks 4.6 and 4.7.1 developed computational tools for sediment transport and regional water balance
simulation, supporting adaptation measures under hydrological and demographic pressures. Tasks
4.7.2 and 4.10.1 - 4.10.3 delivered decision-support systems that integrate multi-layer data for WEFEnexus planning, heat stress management, and flood risk visualisation, many of which are connected to
digital twin environments. Tasks 4.8.1 and 4.8.2 tackled climate-exacerbated water quality risks by
improving bathing water management during storm events and assessing drinking water resilience to
pathogens. Finally, Tasks 4.11 and 4.12 implemented technologies for urban climate proofing in coastal
settings facing sea-level rise and for geological and avalanche early-warning systems in the Arctic and
mountainous demo sites.
Together, the technologies demonstrated under Bundle 2 provide actionable, scalable, and evidencebased adaptation options. The solutions directly support regional water resilience, enable cross-sectoral
decision-making, and reduce exposure to climate-related risks. Their integration into the Resilience
Knowledge Boosters, digital twins, and participatory processes strengthens the IMPETUS vision of
empowering local stakeholders and decision-makers with robust, technology-driven adaptation
pathways.

Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) stellen auf-grund ihrer Persistenz und Toxizität ein wachsendes Risiko für Wasser-ressourcen dar. In einer achtmonatigen Messkampagne wurde Regen-wasserabfluss eines Berliner Industriegebiets auf 26 PFAS und andere Industriechemikalien untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde ein urbaner See beprobt, der ausschließlich durch Regenwasserabfluss und Grundwasser gespeist wird. PFAS-Konzentrationen im Regenwasserabfluss lagen zwischen 5 und 35 ng/L, PFOA und PFHxA waren am häufigsten nachweisbar. Die Konzen-trationen lagen im Bereich vorgeschlagener Umweltqualitätsnormen für Oberflächengewässer mit Maximalwerten deutlich darüber. Im See wurden deutlich höhere Konzentrationen (bis 99 ng/L) gemessen, die vermutlich durch Altlasten des benachbarten Flughafens und nicht primär durch Regenwasserabfluss verursacht werden. Im Vergleich zu Kläranlagenab-läufen waren die gemessenen PFAS-4-Konzentrationen im Regenwasser-abfluss in dieser Studie um den Faktor 3-10 niedriger. Für Gewässer sind Kläranlagenabläufe auch durch die größeren Volumina als Eintragspfad von PFAS wahrscheinlich von größerer Relevanz als Regenwasserabflüsse. Dennoch ist Regenwasserabfluss insbesondere in Schwammstadt-konzepten mit Versickerungssystemen als potentiell relevanter Eintrags-pfad für PFAS zu betrachten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Notwendigkeit eines besseren Verständnisses urbaner PFAS-Quellen für ein effektives Wasserschutzmanagement.

The scope of this document, produced as part of the H2020 PROMISCES project, is to provide guidance for applications of models with a specific focus on model trains for the assessment of exposure to PMTs as part of the predictive risk assessment related to surface and groundwater. This document explains the basic concepts of specific models and how best to use them in model
trains in the framework of a tiered approach. The intention is to inform users and interested stakeholders about what needs to be considered when using different methods, what is the best use of specific models, what are the best combinations in model trains and what are their current limitations.

This model is part of the toolbox built within the framework of the PROMISCES project (Deliverable D2.3).

Emission model to calculate the monthly load of pollutants entering various water bodies and watercourses via stormwater and wastewater via the separate sewer system, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent.

Highlights

• PFAS and other persistent substances found in industrial urban stormwater runoff

• PFOA-equivalent concentrations for PFAS-24 exceeded EU proposal for surface- and groundwater

• Urban stormwater runoff from industrial sites is one source of PFAS in surface waters

In urbanen Gebieten kann abfliessendes Regenwasser belastet sein, insbesondere auch mit gelösten organischen Spurenstoffen und Schwermetallen. Diese Substanzen werden von Gebäuden sowie Verkehrsflächen abgewaschen und können über Versickerungen in das Grundwasser gelangen. Mit einem neuen Adsorbersubstrat wurden Schwermetalle, organische Spurenstoffe und deren Transformationsprodukte aus dem Regenwasser so gut entfernt, dass sich damit neue Anwendungsbereiche für Schwammstadtkonzepte im urbanen Raum eröffnen.

A large variety of substances are used in building materials to improve their properties. In recent years, attention to organic additives used, for example, in renders, façade paints or roof sealing sheets has increased as these compounds have been detected in urban stormwater runoff and surface waters. In this paper, we show the extent of emissions induced by rain events in two study sites in Berlin. For this purpose, stormwater runoff from roofs, façades, and in storm sewers was sampled and analysed over a period of 1.5 years in two residential catchments. Results show that, in particular, the biocides diuron and terbutryn from façades, the root protection agents mecoprop and MCPA in bituminous sheeting, and zinc from roofs and façades reach concentrations in the stormwater sewer that exceed limit values for surface waters. Additionally, transformation products of the biocides were also detected. However, many other analysed substances were below the quantification limit or inconspicuous in their concentration levels. The emissions, modelled with the software COMLEAM, demonstrate that in urban areas the limit values in smaller surface waters are exceeded during wet weather. Furthermore, the orientation of the buildings to wind-driven rain is essential for the emitted load from façades. The calculated mass balances of both catchments show that a major portion of all substances remains on-site and infiltrates diffusely or in swales, while the remaining portion is discharged to stormwater sewers. For example, in one of the two study sites, <5% of diuron emissions are discharged to surface waters. Infiltration, in particular, is therefore a crucial pathway of pollution for soil and groundwater. Measures for source control are proposed to mitigate the leaching of environmentally relevant substances from construction materials.

This dataset includes concentrations of micropollutants (27) and heavy metals (7) for stormwater runoff from different sampling points at two test sites (A and B) in Berlin, Germany. Both sites are new development areas of similar size that were both constructed in 2017 (1 – 1.5 years prior to the start of the monitoring campaign). Composite samples of individual rain events were taken at three sampling points of each test site: façade runoff, roof runoff and corresponding stormwater runoff from the catchment area. Samples were taken as part of the research project BaSaR (www.kompetenz-wasser.de/en/forschung/projekte/basar/) of Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Ostschweizer Fachhochschule and Berliner Wasserbetriebe. More information including sampling and analytical methods are detailed in the corresponding journal paper "Emissions from building materials – a thread for the environment?", submitted to the MDPI-journal Water.

The study was financed through the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, FKZ 3717373280), which is greatly acknowledged.