The PROMISCES project aims to develop innovative, systemic solutions to protect health, environment, and natural resources from persistent, mobile and potentially toxic (PM(T)) substances by addressing regulatory gaps and promoting circular economy principles. This deliverable, in particular seeks to:

· Identify inconsistencies, gaps, and challenges within the existing EU legal and policy framework related to PM(T) substances.

· Promote harmonized regulatory approaches across environmental compartments.

· Provide EU and national policymakers with actionable, evidence-based policy recommendations to improve the management of PMT(s) in the soil-sediment-water system (and beyond).

· Emphasize that updated policy approaches address disparities and technical, financial and social challenges across Member States (MS).

The "Toolbox Fate & Transport Modelling of PMTs in the Environment" is a key deliverable from the H2020 PROMISCES project. This toolbox is a demonstrator that includes a collection of models developed in the PROMISCES project which are designed to assess the fate and transport of persistent, mobile, and toxic substances (PMTs) across various scales (local, regional) and conditions (e.g., urban run-off, bank filtration, unsaturated zone, groundwater).
This toolbox presents the basic information with links to the software and model input files with which the models can be run. This deliverable is intended for qualified modellers. It is complementary with the Guidance document, deliverable D2.4 (Zessner et al., 2025) which describes how to apply modelling tools in a tiered way as part of predictive risk assessment.

The scope of this document, produced as part of the H2020 PROMISCES project, is to provide guidance for applications of models with a specific focus on model trains for the assessment of exposure to PMTs as part of the predictive risk assessment related to surface and groundwater. This document explains the basic concepts of specific models and how best to use them in model
trains in the framework of a tiered approach. The intention is to inform users and interested stakeholders about what needs to be considered when using different methods, what is the best use of specific models, what are the best combinations in model trains and what are their current limitations.

The Horizon 2020 project PROMISCES aims to increase the circularity of resources by overcoming barriers associated with the presence of PM(T)s in the soil-sediment-water system.

This deliverable provides guidance on how to co-create a solution strategy for dealing with PM(T)(s) in a circular economy. For this, we have used the experience and lessons learnt in the co-creation workshops organized within the PROMISCES project.

This model is part of the toolbox built within the framework of the PROMISCES project (Deliverable D2.3).

Emission model to calculate the monthly load of pollutants entering various water bodies and watercourses via stormwater and wastewater via the separate sewer system, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent.

In 2020, the European Union published ordinance EU 2020/741, establishing minimum requirements for water reuse in agriculture. The ordinance differentiates between several water quality classes. For the highest water quality class (Class A), the ordinance mandates analytical validation of the treatment performance of new water reuse treatment plants (WRTP) related to the removal of microbial indicators for viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. While the ordinance clearly defines the numeric target values for the required log10-reduction values (LRV), it provides limited to no guidance on the necessary sample sizes and statistical evaluation approaches. The main requirement is that at least 90 % of the validation samples should meet the requirements. However, the interpretation of this 90 % validation target can significantly impact the required sample size, efforts necessary, and the risk of misclassifying WRTPs in practice. The present study compares different statistical evaluation approaches that might be considered applicable for LRV validation monitoring. Special emphasis is placed on the use of tolerance intervals, which combine percentile estimations with sample size-based uncertainty and confidence regions. Tolerance interval-based approaches are compared with alternative methods, including a) a binomial evaluation and b) the calculation of empirical percentiles. The latter are already used in existing European and U.S. regulations for bathing water and irrigation water quality. Our study demonstrates that using tolerance intervals allows for the reliable validation of WRTPs that achieve high LRVs relative to regulatory targets with comparatively smaller sample sizes compared to the other two approaches, while reducing the risk of misclassification. Additionally, we show that simplified approaches, such as a “9 out of 10” approach, pose a substantial risk of misclassification and should not be applied. We illustrate the behavior of these different approaches through simulation experiments and application to real data collected in 2022 and 2023 at a large WRTP in Germany.

The challenge of water reclamation using membranes in this study was the quite unique wastewater composition resulting from a high share of biotech wastewater. The high content of organic matter and high concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, and sulphate were considered as challenging for membrane processes. Consequently, an innovative ultra-tight ultrafiltration (u-t UF) membrane was developed and tested on-site at pilot scale. In comparison, a conventional UF and an open nanofiltration (NF) were piloted. The aim was to find the best pre-treatment option for reverse osmosis (RO) to reduce fouling and scaling and produce fit-for-purpose water; for example, cooling. Overall, the quality of the currently used water source was surpassed by the pilot plant. Only a standard post-treatment of the RO permeate was necessary for stabilisation. Results indicated that denser membranes only minimally reduced fouling of RO. An assessment comparing the treatment trains in a life cycle assessment using the data collected from the pilot operation (UF/NF operating settings, RO plant performance, and the design of multi-stage industrial scale RO) revealed lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to seawater desalination. However, if the RO brine treatment becomes mandatory, the greenhouse gas emissions from water reclamation and supply will be higher than those from freshwater supply.